Muay Thai - Everything You Need to Know about Thai Boxing

Have you ever watched a Muay Thai fight and been captivated by the incredible power and precision of their kicks, punches, knees, and elbows? On the outside, Muay Thai looks like a sport-based fighting style with a competitive nature. But what if I told you that Muay Thai, Thailand’s national sport, is more than just a thrilling combat spectacle? It’s a martial art rich in history and culture, a display of Thailand’s centuries-old traditions, and a reflection on the fighting spirit of the Thai Kingdom. So, now that I have captured your imagination, are you ready to dive into the world of Muay Thai and discover its fascinating legacy? Let’s go!

The Origins of Muay Thai: A Glimpse into the Past

Muay Thai has a rich history that is as captivating as the martial art itself. Dating back over 2000 years, it tells a story of survival, warfare, and cultural evolution. Ancient Thai warriors used this martial art on the battlefield, their bodies becoming weapons in the fight for their kingdom. At that point in time, it was not the well-refined fighting style we see today; it was instead known as Muay Boran, an early form of Muay Thai.

Over the centuries, Muay Boran evolved into Muay Thai, a fighting style that has become world-renowned today. Muay Boran was originally influenced by the Siamese army’s need for hand-to-hand combat techniques and the Thai monarchy’s patronage.

Early Beginnings: Tribes and Warfare

The roots of Muay Thai history lie in the indigenous tribes of ancient Thailand. These tribes, faced with constant threats from hostile neighbors, developed a fighting style for survival and warfare. This rudimentary form of combat gradually evolved, with techniques becoming more precise and specific.

This art form served young men not only as a means of self-defense but also as a form of exercise and discipline. Muay Boran is what this early form of Muay Thai was called. It was a collection of fighting styles that laid the foundations for Muay Thai. The term Muay Boran was a broad term, and it was used to describe a series of different fighting styles from all over Thailand that were eventually absorbed into the Thai military.

Siamese Army Training: The Birth of Muay Boran

With the formation of the Siamese (Thai) Kingdom, these indigenous fighting techniques were adopted by the military and refined into a martial art for warfare. This gave birth to “Muay Boran,” an umbrella term for the different types of unarmed martial arts that existed during the Siamese period.

Incorporating these techniques into their training, the Siamese army staged thrilling bouts between different companies, featuring unarmed combat with minimal rules and lacking weight divisions or time limits. This not only developed their combat skills but also provided an exciting spectacle for the crowds.

Nai Khanom Tom

Nai Khanom Tom was a legendary Muay Boran fighter and Thai soldier. Captured by the Burmese army during the Burmese-Siamese war, this fighter became a Thai prisoner of war. His captor, the infamous Burmese King Hsinbyushin, asked the Thai prisoners of war to choose a fighter to represent them in a fighting tournament against his own army. The Thai captives chose Nai Khanom Tom to fight in King’s Hsinbyushin’s tournament.

Nai Khanom Tom did not disappoint his fellow countrymen and defeated ten of the Burmese fighters. The Burmese king was highly impressed by the Thai fighter. He rose from his throne and was famously quoted as saying, “Every part of the Thai is blessed with venom even with his bare hands, he can fell ten opponents.” This was a pivotal moment in the history of Muay Thai, as Muay Boran gathered much recognition after this event.

Influence of the Thai Monarchy

The Thai monarchy had a very positive role on the growth of Muay Thai. It was fundamental to shaping the Muay Thai rules and techniques associated with the sport. Kings promoted and encouraged the sport during the 19th century, holding tournaments during week-long festivals in major cities and recruiting honorable Muay Thai fighters to serve as royal court guards.

Muay Thai regulations were formalized at the request of King Rama VII (r. 1925–1935). In 1921, at Suan Kulap, the first boxing ring in Thailand was built. The new rules included the use of referees and the use of rounds. Boxers began practicing and competing against international opponents at the Lumpinee Boxing Stadium. They started using sophisticated boxing gloves and weight classes.

This dedication to developing Muay Thai into a national sport is one of the main reasons Muay Thai has become the great sport that it is today. Thanks to such efforts, Muay Thai eventually became ingrained into the cultural fabric of society and formalized as one of the greatest combat sports in the world.

Muay Thai Techniques and Styles

Muay Thai has a distinctive look to it, typically a high guard, light on the front foot with powerful punches, kicks, knees, elbows, and a strong clinch. These attributes set Muay Thai apart from regular striking martial arts. However, it is not just the techniques that make Muay Thai unique; it is also the culture, fighting spirit, and elite physical conditioning.

Eight Limbs: Understanding the Weapons of Muay Thai

The moniker “Art of Eight Limbs” for Muay Thai means the use of two fists, two elbows, two knees, and two shins. Muay Thai allows a fighter to use their full body; it enables a fighter to fight in a unique way. Elbows and knees for close range, with punches and kicks for medium and long range. It’s this versatility that makes the Muay Thai fighting style such a dynamic and effective martial art.

There is very little limitation on what a fighter is permitted to do in Muay Thai. Each limb serves a unique function in battle, providing a great variety of ways to attack and defend.

Muay Thai Techniques

Muay Thai is called the art of eight limbs as it makes use of punches, kicks, knees, and elbows. Additional techniques, like clinches and sweeps, are also crucial in Muay Thai fights. Some of the techniques you will commonly see in Muay Thai are:

Punches:

• Jab
• Cross
• Hook
• Uppercut

Kicks:

• Roundhouse Kick
• Front Kick
• Teep (Push Kick)
• Side Kick
• Diagonal Kick
• Flying Knee

Knees:

• Straight Knee
• Diagonal Knee
• Horizontal Knee
• Flying Knee
• Step-Up Knee

Elbows:

• Horizontal Elbow
• Upward Elbow
• Forward Elbow Thrust
• Spinning Back Elbow
• Flying Downward Elbow

Clinching and Sweeps

• Clinch Throws
• Foot Sweeps
• Catching a kick following up with throwing and sweeping

There are a number of advanced sweeps and kick counters that involve throwing opponents off balance and scoring points. Some common techniques are throws from the clinch and catching kicks while sweeping the opponent. High-level Muay Thai fighters have mastered the clinch game; however, in some modern Muay Thai fights, clinching techniques are becoming less common.

Muay Thai Styles

When it comes to different styles in Muay Thai, there are many ways to practice and use them. This depends on the Muay Thai camp preference, the student preference, and the body type of the fighter. All of these can affect the fighter’s style. Most fighters use one of the five styles listed below, and some fighters use a blend of these styles.

Muay Mat

The style of Muay Mat consists of heavy punches, kicks, and a lot of forward pressure. Muay Mat fighters are known for looking for knockouts.

Muay Femur

Muay Femur is a more technical style of Muay Thai, and it is known for high-level techniques performed in a textbook manner. Fighters who use this style display a perfect example of what Muay Thai techniques should look like.

Muay Tae

Fighters who practice Muay Tae are known for being masters of kicking. They use technical and powerful kicks to break down their opponents.

Muay Bouk

Muay Bouk fighters embody the warrior spirit; they use an aggressive style that is fun to watch but puts them directly into tough fights. They don’t like to take a step backwards and enjoy using all the Muay Thai moves. The Muay Bouk style is one of the most exciting styles to watch.

Muay Khao

Muay Khao is a clinch-heavy style, relying on knees and a lot of clinch-based moves. This scores big with the judges, as knees are highly valued in Muay Thai. The style of Muay Khao uses a lot of energy, and fighters who use this style are known for having great cardio.

The Spiritual and Cultural Aspects of Muay Thai

Muay Thai transcends being merely a fighting art; it embodies a spiritual journey deeply rooted in Thai culture. From the pre-fight rituals to the traditional attire worn by fighters, every aspect of Muay Thai is intertwined with spiritual and cultural significance.

Wai Kru Ram Muay: Honoring Teachers and Traditions

A unique ritual dance, known as the “Wai Kru Ram Muay,” precedes every Muay Thai fight. This dance serves as a way for fighters to pay respect to their teachers, ancestors, and the sport’s traditions. The Wai Kru is a tribute to Buddhist traditions and is like a type of prayer. While the Ram Muay is an individual part of the dance, which is more specific to the person’s gym or training background.

The fighter’s ability to perform the Wai Kru well is sometimes seen as a measure of how good the fighter will perform in the ring. This is because the Wai Kru is actually very difficult to perform, so the fighter who performs it well is seen as having good reflexes, balance, and physical capability. It’s a beautiful sight to see, and it shows the deep respect and humility at the heart of Muay Thai.

Some fighters who have not trained in Thailand will not be able to perform the Wai Kru as they did not train in a camp with the traditions of Muay Thai. While other fighters have made time to learn the Wai Kru as a show of respect for the art, it is not an essential part of Muay Thai training but an added spectacle and a great one to watch.

Traditional Music and Attire

Sarama, a melodic form of traditional Thai music, welcomes one into a Muay Thai ring. This music, often performed live, sets the rhythm of the fight and adds a unique cultural touch to the event.

Also, pay attention to the fighters’ attire. The Mongkol headbands and Prajiad armbands are often made from ropes, ribbons, or silk. These are worn for protection and good luck, and while not all fighters wear this type of gear, some believe it helps them in their fight.

Training and Camps – Becoming a Muay Thai Fighter

The journey to becoming a Muay Thai fighter is a monumental undertaking. It takes years of rigorous training and unyielding determination. In Thailand, this training journey often unfolds in specialized Muay Thai camps, where aspiring fighters immerse themselves in martial arts and Thai culture.

However, in recent years, many western Muay Thai and kickboxing gyms have mastered the art of Muay Thai very well. Especially gyms in the United Kingdom, France, and the Netherlands. So training Muay Thai at a camp in Thailand is preferable but not absolutely necessary.

If you want the full Muay Thai experience, though, Thailand is the best place for it, and Muay Thai camps are the most exciting and complete way to begin your journey.

Training Regimens: Building Strength and Skills

The training process at a typical Muay Thai camp includes:

• Twice-daily training sessions, six days a week
• Group runs
• Skipping rope
• Shadow boxing
• Pad work
• Heavy bag work
• Phyiscal Conditioning
• Sparring

This grueling challenge pushes both the body and the mind to their limits. The Muay Thai training regimen is intense, and it is designed by a Muay Thai teacher. Its intention is to build endurance, improve overall conditioning, and master the techniques for Muay Thai practitioners.

Of course, this is a training regime that is designed to shape and train a Muay Thai fighter. If you are just looking to practice Muay Thai as a hobby, there are less intense training schedules, which can be more flexible when starting your Muay Thai journey.

Muay Thai Camps: Immersing in Thai Culture and Tradition

In Thailand, Muay Thai camps provide a comprehensive experience steeped in Thai culture and traditions. These camps follow traditional Thai customs and rituals, such as the Wai Kru dance and the Ram Muay, to show utmost respect to their trainers and pay tribute to their heritage.

Aside from training, these camps also provide opportunities for cultural exchange, allowing participants to learn more about Thai culture and traditions. Overall, it is an excellent way to gain insight into the sport and develop your Muay Thai techniques and physical capabilities.

Muay Thai in the Modern World: Competitions and Global Popularity

Muay Thai’s global popularity is indisputable. From international competitions to its integration into mixed martial arts (MMA), Muay Thai has made its mark on the world of combat sport.

The Rise of International Fighters

The role of international Thai fighters in catapulting Muay Thai onto the global stage has been crucial in shaping the sport. From Ramon Dekkers to John Wayne Parr, these fighters have promoted the effectiveness and versatility of Muay Thai to international audiences.

In recent years, Thai fighters like Buakaw Banchamek and Suphachai “Saenchai” Saepong have toured the world, demonstrating their skills at seminars in gyms worldwide. Their success has inspired a new generation of fighters from countries like the Netherlands, Australia, the United Kingdom, and France. The growing interest in the history of Thai Boxing has further spread the popularity of this martial art.

Muay Thai in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA)

The world of mixed martial arts (MMA) has witnessed a significant influence from Muay Thai. Many MMA fighters choose to learn Muay Thai as a base for their striking; it has become the most popular choice for stand-up fighting in mixed martial arts.

Fighters have recognized how practical Muay Thai is, and the MMA community has embraced the Thai martial art. Some famous MMA fighters who use Muay Thai as their base are Anderson Silva, Edson Barboza, Donald Cerrone, Jose Aldo, Jon Jones, and Valentina Shevchenko.

The inclusion of Muay Thai in MMA has not only displayed the martial art’s effectiveness at a high level of fighting but also introduced it to a much wider audience.

Olympic Recognition and Future Prospects

The campaign for Muay Thai’s inclusion in the Olympics, which received provisional recognition in 2016, continues to persist. However, the journey to full Olympic inclusion is not without its challenges, including.

Nevertheless, the potential benefits of Olympic recognition, including increased exposure and the opportunity to receive funding for the sport’s development, make this an exciting prospect for Muay Thai’s future.

One Fighting Championship and Muay Thai

Fight promotions like One Fighting Championship (ONE FC) have done a fantastic job of promoting modern Muay Thai. They have brought international fighters from around the world to compete in their organization. One Championship has also altered some of the traditional Muay Thai rules in an attempt to make Muay Thai more appealing to a wider audience.

This crowd-pleasing style of Muay Thai is fought in a cage with 4 oz. gloves on, which means there are a lot more knockouts due to the smaller gloves. One Championship also pushes the action even further by changing the number of bouts from five three-minute rounds to three three-minute rounds. The use of clinching is also limited in One Championship, as fighters are not allowed to clinch for long periods of time. These changes in rules have caused more action-packed fights and resulted in a higher number of knockouts. Another interesting addition that One Championship has introduced is allowing Muay Thai fighters to fight kickboxers. Although this has always been allowed, we are seeing Muay Thai fighters and kickboxers fight more frequently under One Championship.

This new adaptation of Muay Thai isn’t just fun for the fans; the fighters have also embraced the new form of caged Muay Thai, and One Championship has managed to gather some of the best fighters on earth all under one organization. I have been watching and practicing Muay Thai for many years, and this is the first time I have seen such an exciting fight promotion hosting Muay Thai events.

Muay Thai Legends and Champions

Many legends and champions have graced Muay Thai throughout its history, each leaving their distinctive mark on the sport. A true Muay Thai legend who is still active to this day is Saenchai.

In such a competitive sport, there are, of course, many other great legends and champions who have left their mark on the sport. Among some of the legends and great champions of Muay Thai are:

Saenchai

Yodsanklai Fairtex

Ramon Dekkers

John Wayne Parr

Buakaw Banchamek

Sam-A Gaiyanghadao

Nong-O Gaiyanghadao

Rodtang

Giorgio Petrosyan

You may notice the name of a sponsor or gym next to the fighter’s name. Like Yodsanklai Fairtex or Nong-O Gaiyanghadao. These are usually just sponsorships or gym names that are attached to the fighters, not their actual last names.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Muay Thai?

To answer the question quite literally, Muay Thai is a Thai martial art with historical roots dating back to the Thai military when it was once Muay Boran. However, Muay Thai is also Thailand’s national sport, a culture, a fighting style, but most importantly, a way of life for a lot of people.

What are the “eight limbs” in Muay Thai?

Muay Thai is famous for using “eight limbs,” which include fists, elbows, knees, and shins!

What is the training regimen for professional Muay Thai fighters in Thailand?

Professional Muay Thai fighters in Thailand commit to rigorous training regimens, typically twice daily, six days a week. The fighters also frequently compete in Muay Thai fights; some professional fighters even fight a few times in one month.

Has Muay Thai been recognized as an Olympic sport?

Muay Thai has taken steps towards recognition as an Olympic sport, with provisional recognition granted in 2016. Although it still faces challenges, Muay Thai’s journey to the Olympics is underway, and I hope to see it in the near future.

Summary

In our journey through the world of Muay Thai, we’ve discovered a martial art that is not just a thrilling combat sport but also a rich cultural and spiritual tradition. From its origins in ancient Thai tribes to its global popularity today, Muay Thai is a testament to Thailand’s indomitable spirit.

It’s an art form that celebrates respect, discipline, and the human body’s ultimate potential. The future of Muay Thai is promising, with the exciting prospects of Olympic recognition and the continued influence of international fighters.

One thing is clear, the legacy of Muay Thai continues to live on, inspiring a new generation of fighters to embrace this ancient art. Muay Thai is a style of stand-up fighting that is truly unique, and in my opinion, it resembles the most complete form of stand-up fighting in the modern era.